From what I can determine, these two commands do the same thing:
# apt-get dist-upgrade
# apt full-upgrade
The following appears to work the same as the above commands as well, although the option is not explicitly defined in man apt:
# apt dist-upgrade
This is because most (if not all) apt-get commands can also be used as apt commands.
From man apt-get:
upgrade
upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently
installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
/etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new versions
available are retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances are currently
installed packages removed, or packages not already installed retrieved and
installed. New versions of currently installed packages that cannot be
upgraded without changing the install status of another package will be left
at their current version. An update must be performed first so that apt-get
knows that new versions of packages are available.
dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also
intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages;
apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to
upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if
necessary. The dist-upgrade command may therefore remove some packages. The
/etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which to
retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a mechanism
for overriding the general settings for individual packages.
From man apt:
upgrade (apt-get(8))
upgrade is used to install available upgrades of all packages currently
installed on the system from the sources configured via sources.list(5). New
packages will be installed if required to satisfy dependencies, but existing
packages will never be removed. If an upgrade for a package requires the
remove of an installed package the upgrade for this package isn't performed.
full-upgrade (apt-get(8))
full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but will remove currently
installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system as a whole.
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