convert
Backwards compatiblity [sic] for ImageMagick version 6 "convert". Essentually [sic] an alias to a restrictive form of the "magick" command, which should be used instead.
<menu execute="openbox-menu lxde-applications.menu" id="apps" label="Applications"/>
As Americans debate what it means to be a multicultural society, one need only turn for lessons to the Southwest, where distinct peoples have coexisted over centuries. Here difference has not only survived but thrived in a melting pot of races and customs.
This book presents a montage of differing perspectives demonstrating that there is no single, definitive description of the Southwest. It brings together a host of writers, from early travelers and historians to contemporary commentators, who explore a region diverse in its people and ecology and show it to be not just a segment of the nation, but rather a border contact zone.
The editors have assembled an interdisciplinary composite, drawing on history, sociology, anthropology, and geography. Fiction, essays, poetry, newspaper articles, and interviews with local inhabitants add a colorful dimension to the coverage. All of the contributions reveal the tremendous impact that everyday occurrences can have and show how life in the Southwest is affected by the interweaving of social, cultural, and ecological forces.
So, how do you use AUR then? Well, you need a different tool to install software from AUR. Arch’s package manager pacman doesn’t support it directly. These ‘special tools’ are called AUR helpers.
Installing packages from the AUR is a relatively simple process. Essentially:
1. Acquire the build files, including the PKGBUILD and possibly other required files, like systemd units and patches (often not the actual code).
2. Verify that the PKGBUILD and accompanying files are not malicious or untrustworthy.
3. Run makepkg -si in the directory where the files are saved. This will download the code, resolve the dependencies with pacman, compile it, package it, and install the package.
Warning: AUR helpers are not supported by Arch Linux. You should become familiar with the manual build process in order to be prepared to troubleshoot problems.
Taking a new direction
During the transition to LXQt, we have received mixed feedback about Lubuntu's perceived direction going forward, so we decided it would be good to make a blog post explaining what's been happening during the transition, and where our focus will be.
Creating a Linux distribution which is specifically meant for older hardware is beginning to become a challenge. As time progresses, the definition of "older machines" has been changing. At one point, our rule of thumb was to support machines ten years old. If you look at computers that were released ten years ago, for example, a computer with the AMD Phenom X3 processor, you will note that computers, give or take, supported two gigabytes of RAM and two processor cores, and were also 64-bit at this time.
More Linux distributions today can run on the computer of ten years ago than Linux distributions made five years ago with a 15 year old computer.
As an example, on a fresh amd64 (64-bit) Kubuntu 18.04.1 install with two gigabytes of RAM and one CPU core (in QEMU), the idle usage with LibreOffice open and Firefox open to Lubuntu.me is about 1 GB of RAM and 6% idle CPU usage. With the same specifications/programs and an i386 (32-bit) install, 790 MB of RAM and 7% of idle CPU usage is used.
While there is something to be said about i386 resource usage and how much more efficient it can make a system, the point is that other distributions can now do what only Lubuntu was once able to do with ten year old hardware. You are welcome to also draw your own conclusions and leave them in the comments of this post.
Furthermore, imagine what these statistics will look like in 2021, when Lubuntu 18.04, which has kept our traditional focus, reaches its end of life phase.
These statistics brought much internal debate within the Lubuntu team, but we decided that going forward, we need to adapt for the current state of the market. Therefore, our main focus is shifting from providing a distribution for old hardware to a functional yet modular distribution focused on getting out of the way and letting users use their computer.
In essence, this is leveraging something we have always done with Lubuntu; providing an operating system which users can use to revive their old computers, but bringing this to the age of modern computing.
For the forseeable future, here are our core goals:
This means that Lubuntu will stay light, and for users with old systems, should still be usable. But we will no longer provide minimum system requirements and we will no longer primarily focus on older hardware.
- Lubuntu will leverage modern, Qt-based technologies and programs to give users a functional yet modular experience.
- In collaboration with others, Lubuntu will continue to be a transparent and open distribution which makes it a priority to keep the community informed about the development when possible.
- Lubuntu will create and maintain complete documentation which will be included by default in the operating system, and can guide anyone from beginner to expert on how to use Lubuntu to its full potential and contribute to the further development of it.
- Lubuntu will keep a light experience by default but enable users to utilize more heavy and featureful components as desired.
- Lubuntu will have the ability to be used in any language across the world, and enable contributors to easily translate all components of the operating system.
This is a large endeavor as you might expect, and we're still working on catching up to other distributions in terms of feature parity, but with 18.10 being the first LXQt-only release and 20.04 being the first LTS LXQt-only release, we are confident that Lubuntu will be ready for whatever the future holds.
Appendix 1. List of tips and tricks covered
# History related
ctrl + r (reverse search)
!! (rerun last command)
!* (reuse arguments from previous command)
!$ (use last argument of last command)
shopt -s histappend (allow multiple terminals to write to the history file)
history | awk 'BEGIN {FS="[ \t]+|\\|"} {print $3}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head (list the most used history commands)
# File and navigation
cp /home/foo/realllylongname.cpp{,-old}
cd -
rename 's/text_to_find/been_renamed/' *.txt
export CDPATH='/var/log:~' (variable is used with the cd built-in.)
# Colourize bash
# enable colors
eval "`dircolors -b`"
# force ls to always use color and type indicators
alias ls='ls -hF --color=auto'
# make the dir command work kinda like in windows (long format)
alias dir='ls --color=auto --format=long'
# make grep highlight results using color
export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;33m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m' # end the info box
export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[01;42;30m' # begin the info box
export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$'\E[01;36m'
# Bash shortcuts
shopt -s cdspell (corrects typoos)
ctrl + _ (undo)
ctrl + arrow (move forward a word)
ctrl + a (move cursor to start)
ctrl + e (move cursor to end)
ctrl + k (cuts everything after the cursor)
ctrl + l (clears screen)
ctrl + q (resume command that is in the foreground)
ctrl + s (pause a long running command in the foreground)
ctrl + t (swap two characters)
ctrl + u (cuts everything before the cursor)
ctrl + x + ctrl + e (opens the command string in an editor so that you can edit it before it runs)
ctrl + x + * (expand glob/star)
ctrl + xx (move to the opposite end of the line)
ctrl + y (pastes from the buffer)
ctrl + shift + c/v (copy/paste into terminal)
# Running commands in sequence
&& (run second command if the first is successful)
; (run second command regardless of success of first one)
# Redirecting I/O
2>&1 (redirect stdout and stderr to a file)
# check for open ports
echo > /dev/tcp//
`` (use back ticks to shell out)
# Examine executable
which
file
command -V(tells you whether is a built-in, binary or alias)
June 5 is marked by the United Nations as World Environment Day, a day set aside since 1974 to promote “worldwide awareness and action for the protection of our environment.” This year’s theme is “beat plastic pollution.”-- from: World Environment Day 2018: ‘Beat Plastic Pollution’
sudo apt install vanilla-gnome-desktop
sudo apt purge ubuntu-web-launchers
